CIRCLE OF HATRED

Posted on 14 July 2017 by

A circle of hatred is a fire that burns itself and others

CIRCLE OF HATRED

Those who are fearful when pressed turn out (often) to be very fierce when in power, people who are severely tortured by a situation is often a more oppressive ruler harder than its predecessor. If one to get a job to bribe 100 million, then when the grasp of power will ask for a bribe of 200 million and continue. Continue to grow into a snowball from time to time, will never be finished and eventually become a circle of Hatred.

Apparently, humans have a tendency to mimic what he hates, sometimes the imitating nature of it instead makes it “more evil” and more “more vicious”. Every oppression as colonization is bad. Only a dirty person who thinks colonialism has a good and bad side. The idea that colonialism has a good side was once planted in Indonesia through the Netherlands, their coming is to bring civilization to the people of the archipelago is false!

History of Hatred

History is a wonderful science, every incident in the past will not be exactly the same today, but it has a pattern and if we think and study it can be learning.

The siege of Barbastro

When the power of Islam in Cordova fell into the hands of Fernando de Castilla (1236), Portugal by Alfonso II (1249), and the last region of the Iberian Peninsula in Granada fell into the hands of King Ferdinand (Aragon) and Isabella (Castille) in 1492. Immediately vengeance was made, forced repression of Christianity was done to the Muslims of Andalusia. Whereas when ruling the Islamic rulers, the Umayyad dynasty and his successors never resorted to coercion of religion to the conquered peoples of the country. We know that for 800 years of Andalusia (Covering Spain, Portugal, and Southern France) is the center of Islamic civilization, in that span of Moorish-Islamic and Spanish-Christian masters have intermarried. Why? Probably because they feel there is no justice in colonization.

In 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella issued the Alhambra Decree ordering all Jews to leave Spain. Muslims in Spain also received similar orders. Many of them moved to Christianity rather than leave Spain, and they are called conversos. These conversos are suspected of not converting honestly and sincerely.

Muslims in Spain, Mudéjars or who have moved to Catholicism, called Moriscos, have escaped persecution by the Spanish Inquisition. According to the Treaty of Granada (1491), Muslims are promised freedom of religion, but this agreement does not last long. In 1502, Muslims were given an ultimatum to convert to Christianity or leave Spain. The majority of them convert, but only outside, because they still dress and speak as before, worship according to Islam in secret, and use Aljamiado’s writing. This caused Cardinal Cisneros to impose tougher and coercive rules, leading to an insurrection. The rebellion was successfully extinguished (1502), and the Spanish used this rebellion as an excuse to cancel the Granada Treaty. In 1508, Islamic dress was forbidden. In 1526 and 1527, even harsher regulations were issued. In 1567, the newly issued King Felipe II banned the use of Islamic names, Islamic dress, and Arabic prohibitions. Even the Muslims were told their children would later be handed over to be educated by Christian priests. All 300,000 moriscos were eventually driven from Spain in 1609-1614, by King Felipe III.

Expulsion of Muslim Valencia (1609 AD)

Expulsion of Muslim Catalonia (1613 AD)

Expulsion of Muslim Murcia (1614 AD)

The route of death and blood is opened with the motto “Gold”, “gospel”, and “glory”. The discovery of the sea lane made the Western powers brilliantly “jumped” over Turkey as a major Islamic force that became the latch to the east, the sea becoming a highway and barrier-free (meaningless). The result? Destruction of a nation by another nation, all of that is triggered by hatred.

The hatred spread to Europe

Spain also controlled the Netherlands. The continuous oppression by the Spaniards to the Dutch resulted in the Eighty Years’ War or the Dutch Rebellion (1566-1648), was a Dutch Seventeen Province rebellion against the king of Spain. Initially, Spain succeeded in suppressing this rebellion, but in 1572 the rebels succeeded in seizing Brielle, and the rebels eventually won and gained independence through the Peace of Munster (1648).

After Dutch independence, they followed in the footsteps of their colonizers, Spain. They built an overseas colonial empire. This was supported by Dutch skills in the field of shipping and trade, but the Dutch studied the weakness of Spain in the inability of capital utilization, so the Dutch established colonies with an indirect capitalist model whose management was handed over to colonial companies, one of which the VOC conquered most of the kingdom in Southeast Asia (Indonesia today).

Colonialism is a crime accompanied by oppression. Who wants to argue?

Although one race and one religion, Belgium and the Netherlands that had once separated in 1830. Belgium liberated themselves. Why? Because Belgium feels colonized. Though the Dutch never forced the Belgians to grow cloves or nutmeg like the Maluku people and there was no arson and mass murder like the Dutch in Aceh and Gayo.

Mutilation of Congolese people by Leopold II

Belgium itself turned out to be more cruel invaders from the Netherlands. King Leopold II of Belgium (1835-1909) held from 17 December 1865 to 1909. When Belgium invaded the Congo, Leopold II conjured a previously peaceful country into a country that became a 100 percent slave. Under his banner, Leopold II forced the Congolese people to scavenge their own resources and fill Leopold II’s treasure pockets. Initially with the ivory collection, and after rubber prices rose in the 1890s, he forced the indigenous people to collect rubber latex. Leopold II was so cruel to the Congo people, through the hands of his soldiers, he slaughtered and mutilated those who would not work. At least 10 million Congolese were killed during the Belgian colonization, surpassing the deaths of 6 million Jews by Hitler who shook the world. Funnily enough, Leopold II does not seem to want to be responsible for it after it is known to slaughter 10 million people. He gave his power to parliament, making him abdicate. But Leopold II can still enjoy his life with all his possessions, above the suffering of others.

Colonization in Indonesia

VOC ships, the pirates white, proclaimed the civilizing mission to the nations in the archipelago. Though clearly the purpose behind them came to the archipelago is there to “colonize” the natives.

Marsose Forces Operation at Mukim XX (Aceh War 1873-1904) One of the longest and longest resistant resistance to Dutch colonization in Indonesia

Evolution of the Dutch East Indies

In Indonesia itself after the VOC went bankrupt and dissolved on December 31, 1799, the Dutch government took over its colonies in the Dutch East Indies, At the beginning of the 19th century only the island of Java which as a whole belonged to the Netherlands, then in subsequent years all other regions in the archipelago Indonesia) were either conquered or “classified”. This control of the colony became the largest contributor to the global influence of Dutch forces, especially in the trading of spices and other plantation commodities. Peak in 1942, the Dutch East Indies covers all areas of Indonesia today.

The situation changed when Japan came, Japanese soldiers came pretending to be “old brother” for the Indonesians defeated the Dutch colonizers. In March 1942, the Dutch government officially declared defeat to the Japanese army and signed the Kalijati agreement.If at the beginning of his arrival, Japan promised to free Indonesia from Dutch colonialism soon

If at the beginning of his arrival, Japan promised to free Indonesia from Dutch colonialism soon afterward Japan immediately showed its original character, wanted to colonize Indonesia, but the period of Japanese occupation in Indonesia not long. Japan surrendered to the allies after Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed by the United States atomic bomb.

When on August 17, 1945, Indonesia declared independence proclaimed in Jakarta. The Dutch opposed and fought the freedom fighters. Only on 27 December 1949, Indonesian sovereignty was recognized. West Papua was still occupied by the Dutch until 1961. Apparently after the independence of Indonesia also mimicked the Dutch colonialist bad attitude with corruption and Japan with a bureaucratic attitude that is rigid and tends militaristic. Though these two things have been removed by both Indonesian colonizers.

Indonesia’s occupation of Timor-Leste

In 1975, Portuguese Timor was abandoned by the Portugal of the Carnation Revolution. So soon Portuguese Timor was invaded by Indonesia, assisted by Australia, Britain, and America For fear of becoming a communist state.

Debris of Indonesia’s infrastructure in East Timor

But the UN does not approve of Indonesia’s actions. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-sponsored referendum, the majority of the people of East Timor voted for independence from Indonesia. Immediately after the referendum, anti-independence militias organized by the military and initiated a scorched earth campaign. According to Wikipedia, the militia killed 1400 East Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people to flee to West Timor (Territory of the Republic of Indonesia). On September 20, 1999, the International Air Force for East Timor (INTERFET) was sent to East Timor to end the violence. This mass extermination resulted in Indonesia not having a cultural heritage there, something that was not done by the previous two colonists of Indonesia, the Netherlands, and Japan. Even when East Timor was recognized as a State and officially independent from Indonesia on 20 May 2002 when it became a member of the United Nations, they decided to use the Portuguese name “Timor-Leste” as its official name.

The fate of East Timor after independence was no better when it was still Indonesia’s 27th province, the economy was classified with lower downward income by the World Bank, ranked 158th in the HD list. 20 percent of the population is unemployed, 52.9 percent live on less than US 1.25 per day. Although independence still depends on the supply of goods from Indonesia ranging from staple food to fuel oil, politically very dependent on the former colonizers of Portugal, and does not have its own currency so it adopts the US Dollar currency. And whether the ugliness of what Timor Leste imitated from Indonesia so that their lives become more severe than when joined in the Republic of Indonesia.

How is our fate?

It’s really our fate all this time due to continuous hatred, chronic and become a residue in the blood. The more bureaucrats are stealing from this country, the crueler the seniors are to the juniors. Individuals are becoming more violent and violent. Should we let this?

End this vicious cycle!

Somehow the world works like this? We can not imagine why this is all moving towards the more violent. When the Romans had not embraced Christianity there was the term “Homo Homini Lupus” meaning “A man is a wolf to another man” What would happen if religion did not come down to earth, of course, human beings become more violent.

Actually putting an end to this hate loop is very easy, if we have the right example. When the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W conquered the city of Mecca, the people of Makkah who had once openly hostile to him, and had conspired to kill him, had tortured his companions and had fought him in Badr, in Uhud, and so asked about their fate.

He said, “Now you can go home, you all I release.” With the words of the Messenger of Allah a whole nation of Quraysh, and all the people of Mecca are freed and forgiven of all the sins and mistakes they have committed over the years to Prophet Muhammad SAW and self Muslims. Muhammad, the Messenger of God has won and resigned but his victory and power are not used to revenge and avenge, but used to flow love and to forgive.

“There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.” (QS Al-Ahzab: 21)

This world, time, like a stream of water, is sometimes deflected by a piece of rubble, by a gentle breeze.

When we humans are able to get out of a nightmare, and find peace with the same past and be able to forgive all the suffering that happened in the past then finished the chain of hatred. Maybe the world does not necessarily change, maybe we will lose. But is life just a mere thing in the world?

“By time. Indeed, mankind is in a loss. Except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience.” (QS Surat Al-Ashr 1-3)

When the man says in kindness and patience, he gives meanings such as turning words into poetry, from which his life becomes a bright light that emits light into Rahmat Ulli Alamin (Grace to the universe). Can it? May Allah bless us all. Amen Ya Allah Ya Rabbal Alamin.

TRANSLATE FROM: LINGKARAN KEBENCIAN

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MANTE THE LOST PYGMY TRIBE

Posted on 13 July 2017 by

Is the Mante tribe like Gollum?

MANTE THE LOST PYGMY TRIBE

Krueng Sabee River approximately three kilometers south of the town of Calang (Aceh Jaya district capital) has a specific sandy, white sand beach. Sometimes when the dry season flows into a shallow river raises the sand dune as the beach in the middle of the river. At the beginning of the 20th century, the river flow as told by the village’s parents is still clear, the surrounding river is still covered with virgin forests that connect to the mountains of Seulawah in the North to Leuser in the South, even if withdrawn. The connection to the southern tip of Sumatra encompasses the whole range of Bukit Barisan Mountains. On the sand dune, if stuck in the form of twigs and foliage when lifted there are fresh shrimp or fish. Nature gave everything that time.

Nekmi (my grandmother) recounted as told by Neknyang (great-grandmother) that one morning, some of the children of Mon Mata village wanted to see “Aneuk Lacoe” which may be our current language equivalent is dwarf or hobbit. They weave some rattan into a bracelet, then they throw the bracelets on the sand beach in the middle of the river and hide towards the farther. For a long time, they hid until almost bored, suddenly from a distance appeared some dwarves who just treated, they had fun with the bracelet. Put it into the hand then to the foot. They are so excited about the toy.

“Aneuk Lacoe” is a sight that is magical, as well as amazing for the children of Mon Mata village, they are believed to have the magic and ability to talk to animals in the forest. But unlike other tribes in Aceh, they do not mix and choose to avoid civilization. The size of “Aneuk Lacoe” was according to eyewitness accounts never reached one meter, mostly just as high as the five-year-old toddler. But do not question their ability, so heard footsteps or broken twigs trampled they will soon escape into the forest. They can only look from a distance without ever getting close.

Krueng Sabee Bridge

There is a saying in the area of Krueng Sabee and its surroundings if there is a small child or person who is not dressed it will be referred to as “aneuk lacoe”. The appearance of Dwarves or Hobbits is not only happening in Sabang Krueng area, to the South where there are other great rivers such as Krueng Teunom River, Krueng Woyla, Krueng Seunagan and many other rocky rivers, by residents around in those years. People in the South call them Bante people. They are later popularly called Mante people.

In the 1940s the people of Mante could no longer see down the rivers on the west coast of Aceh.

The origins of Acehnese and its development.

H.M. Zainuddin a poet (and author of romance Jeumpa Aceh) as well as a historian in his monumental “Tarikh Aceh dan Nusantara” which first appeared in 1961 called the nation of Aceh belonging to the Malay nation, namely the nations: Mante (Bante) Lanun , Sakai Jakun, Semang (sea people), Sanun and others. All of these nations are ethnically connected to the Phunia in Babylonia and the Dravidas in the Indus and Ganges river valleys.

He added the information Mante people, especially the people of Aceh Besar. According to the story of the old people (myth), the place of his position in the village of Seumileuk called Kampung Rumoh Dua Blah (Hometown of twelve), lies on the Seulimeum between Jantho village with Tangse. Seumileuk means broad land. This Mante nation that breeds the whole of Aceh Tiga Segi valley and then moves to other places.

As for the valleys of Aceh Besar (Aceh Tiga Segi) when Indrapuri and Tanoh Abee became a Hindu dwelling place. Blang Bintang, Ulee Kareng, Lam Baro, Lam Ateuk, Lam Nyong, Tungkop, Lam Nga, Tibang and others are the high seas. And according to Myth, if people want to Hajj then in Aneuk Glee, Montasik. There, the sailors stopped by to pick up water. The location of the village of Montasik is now the edge of the sea, while the Ateuk Village which comes from the word “Gateuk” is a crab of land that lives in salt water (brackish) adjacent to the sea. The biggest market around Kuta Masah is above Indrapuri. According to the information, it can be assured us that until the 8th century AD beach or coastal Aceh Besar to near Indrapuri and Tanoh Abee near the foothills of the line, and is a beautiful bay landscape. If today the geographical location has changed due to the shift of the earth itself. Until now the livelihood of the Acehnese was wandering can not be explained by H.M. Zainuddin.

History of Mante

A complete historical record of the Mante tribe was composed by Dada Meuraksa entitled “Ungkapan Sejarah Aceh” in 1975. As he confessed, he continued the work of his father Tuanku Raja Keumala who died in 1930. According to Dada Meuraksa, the Mante dynasty was the oldest known dynasty. The Mante Kingdom is based in Seumileuk, the inland Seulimeum between Jantho, still within the Sagi XXII Mukim area. Mante’s words come from Mantenia or Mantinea, a city in Greece, where the inhabitants are called Mantinean. In the 14th century BC (and beyond for about 3 centuries) they made the migration of the people from the North to the warmer regions of the South. They came to Greece originally inhabited the southern island of Crete, Thessalia, calling their tribe Achaea. In the 12th century BC they were expelled by the Doris tribe, then they moved, part of the North Peloponnesus region, partly to Asia Minor (Turkey), and others to central Asia (the valley of the Caucasus).

Those who moved into the Caucasus valley then wandered east through Chaibar Pas (a gulf between two mountains on the border of Afghanistan and India) they reached northern India and assimilated with the inhabitants there. Then they continued their wanderings eastward to Tennosering on the border of Burma with Siam, they were assimilated again with Man Khmer, the ancestral of Cambodia and Campa.

Then they continued their wandering to the South by crossing the Strait of Malacca. They reached the island of Perca (Sumatra) and established the Kingdom of Mante with its headquarters in Seumileuk. That is a strategic place to get a gold source at the foot of the Golden Mountain located on a branch of a branch that is three branches (in Tangse), namely: Krueng Aceh River, Krueng Woyla (Tutut) and Krueng Keumala. Seumileuk that includes the valley of Krueng Aceh, and possibly the name of the valley of Aceh (Aceh Raya), Krueng Aceh and Acehnese people derived from the name of their tribe Achaia.

The kings of the Mante dynasty who ruled and reigned in the valley of Great Aceh were not entirely known. According to an existing record, we know the king named “Maharaja Po Tuah Meuri”. The previous kings can not be known. After Maharaja Po Tuan Meuri ruled his offspring according to a straight line connecting connections were: Maharaja Ok Meugumbak, Maharaja Jagat, Maharaja Dumet, Maharani Putro Budian. Until here ends the Mante dynasty. And history ceases to record the Mante tribe.

Maharani Putro Budian married Maharaja Po Liang, a Campa nobleman from Indochina who came to Aceh with his entourage because his country was attacked by a stronger enemy. He sought the homeland while developing the Buddhist Hinayana sect Mantrayana. After marrying the Queen Mante he managed to bring Buddhism in Aceh, and finally he was appointed as the first King Lamuri.

The Po Liang dynasty that ruled the kingdom of Aceh Lamuri according to Dada Meuraksa notes are as follows:

  1. Maharaja Po Liang. King Lamuri Buddha I.
  2. Maharaja Beuransah. King Lamuri Buddha II. (Child number 1).
  3. Maharaja Beureuman. King Lamuri Buddha III. (Child number 2).
  4. Maharaja Binsih. King Lamuri Buddha IV. (Child number 3).
  5. Maharaja Lam Teuba, King Lamuri Islam I, mahzab syi’ah. He is a famous King for his courage, his justice, his intelligence, and especially for welcoming Islam brought and preached to him by a Prophet’s sons of the Prophet s.a.w. (754 AD).
  6. Maharaja Gading. Second Shia Islam (786 AD). Son no.5 and grandson no.4.
  7. Maharaja Banda Chairullah. Third Shi’a Islam (822 AD). Son no.6.
  8. Maharaja Cut Samah. Shi’ite Islam IV (870 AD). Son no.7.
  9. Maharaja Cut Madin. Shia Islam to V (916 AD). Son no.8.
  10. Maharaja Cut Malim. Shia Islam to VI (963 AD). Son no.9.
  11. Maharaja Cut Seudang. Shia Islam to VII (1034 AD). Son no.10.
  12. Maharaja Cut Samlako. Shia Islam to VIII (1082 AD). Child no.11.
  13. Maharaja Cut Ujo. Shia Islam to IX (1113 AD). Son no.12.
  14. Maharaja Cut Wali. Shia Islam to X (1144 AD). Child no.13.
  15. Maharaja Cut Ubit. Shiite Islam to XI (1171 AD). Child no.13 and sister no.14.
  16. Maharaja Cut Dhiet. Shiite Islam to XII (1185 AD). Son no.15.
  17. Maharaja Cut Umbak. Shia Islam to XIII (1201 CE). Son no.16.
  18. Maharani Putro Ti Seuno. Shia Islam to XIV (1235 AD). Son no.17.

So ended the Lamuri Kingdom from the Po Liang dynasty, Maharani Putro Ti Seuno married Johan Syah, who later became the Sultan of Alaidin Johan Syah, the first Lamuri king of Islam from the Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah (1205-1235 AD). The names of the kings of the Mante and Po Liang dynasties were obtained by Dada Meuraksa from a copy of the T. Raja Muluk Attahasi manuscript, a descendant of ancient Acehnese, as well as the year numbers. Thus began the Alaidin dynasty to lead the reign of Aceh which later changed from Lamuri to Aceh Darussalam.

The disappearance of the Mante tribe from the cosmopolitan center of Aceh is still mysterious, allegedly some of them chose to wander the depths of the wilderness when Aceh began to embrace Buddhism in the early Po Liang dynasty.

Pride of Mante Tribe

Based on story saga, Mante tribe was arrested during the time of Sultan Alaidin Ali Mughayat Shah (1514-1530). Two Mante arrested then, allegedly they are husband and wife. After being arrested they do not want to talk or eat and choose to starve to death. Sultan Ali Mughayat Shah regretted and mourned the death of these two Mante and issued orders to the people of Aceh not to disturb them.

The existence of Mante tribe in the hinterland of Aceh became the debate of many parties, some belief or not. Maybe there’s a cynic and think of it as a fairy tale. For the people of Aceh, their existence is like a legend or a myth, because few have ever met them. Mante tribe itself is included in the tribe Proto Melayu (Old Malay), which is estimated extinct.

Rediscovering Mante tribe?

In his book, De Atjehers. Snouck Hurgronye noted though he himself claimed to have never met the tribe. Several witnesses claimed to have seen Mante, and said that the tribe is often found in the hinterlands of Lokop East Aceh and in Tangse Pidie. Snouck Hurgronye himself interpreted Mante as a term for the behavior of stupidity and childishness.

Save the Forest, Save the Nature

The Mante tribe has chosen to leave civilization to the forest. If we remember the message of Sultan Alaidin Ali Mughayat Shah what is the benefit of disturbing them? Modern times may be cruel, the fate of the Mante tribe as well as the various flora and fauna in the forest, they are powerless in the face of incessant corporations and conglomerate to erode their habitat. Oil palm plantations, rubber and even the most disgusting are deforestations by large companies, especially under the guise of oil palm and rubber plantations. Massive gold mining, gas, and forest exploration have urged them. The greedy people who are eyeing profits in order to pursue economic benefits. But is life solely about wealth and greed?

When the leaders of Aceh born of democracy turn a blind eye to mere money, the Mante tribe is bound to become extinct! And we miss an Alaidin Ali Mughayat Shah.

Nekmi recalled, one day Neknyang tells with sparkling eyes, that when moans of the Mante tribe laughed happily with their rattan bracelets. Their loud voice is so strange that the children of the village of Mata Mata peering from a distance move back and hold their breath. They are happy for the happiness of those who are different. A breathtaking sight, and the slow, foaming flow of the Krueng Sabee river rattling into the ocean. How beautiful.

TRANSLATE FROM: HIKAYAT SUKU MANTE

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REQUIEM OF UNFINISHED STRUGGLE

Posted on 12 July 2017 by

Visit the tomb of Teuku Umar

REQUIEM OF UNFINISHED STRUGGLE

When a story goes everywhere, it will inevitably spread to the universe. Along the path of the wind, we should not wonder why he is present in the roar. Several stories stole from history, some add. Things change, a few are not. Everything in the world is bound by the law of causality, cause, and effect. So, imagine what would happen when a tremendous power met the moving object? There will be a broken one. This is the story of broken bones but never tired of standing. Between wistful and longing.

Time passes without leaving a story about an adventurer who never feels tired to rise again, until there is a story about the end. That life is never easy, too many conditions, too many interests. Where shrewdness brings disaster and weakness brings blessings. And he went, trying to fight, but history finally did not tell a triumph for him.

There is always a touch of the unfathomable struggle, the story of a plump and bad promise, talking dreams but little action. An adventurer has to be the year when it turns, brutality brings with it a fierce conviction that froze the heart, a frightening appearance of self-esteem.

So blessed is he who was born in the West. He is a sweet mouth, who is crippled, but unable to throw away the ancestral heritage. I do not know what the mind of a man, a traitor, and a hero, is scorned and revered. The life story contains obstacles, between anger and hope, possibilities and deceit, nonsense, nostalgic, and death. It’s like we mourn because we’re afraid nobody can replace it. So forget and memories can be dismantled to be shouted, the shy little voice.

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Translate from: KISAH PERJUANGAN TAK SAMPAI

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HOW TO INHERIT THE GREATNESS

Posted on 11 July 2017 by

“Alexander fighting King Darius III of Persia”, Alexander Mosaic, Naples National Archaeological Museum

HOW TO INHERIT THE GREATNESS

How many great people in the history of the world? When we open the pages of history then pretty much we find the characters with extraordinary glory but how much they leave the people who will continue their brilliance, unfortunately only a few of them are aware.

Take a look at The Great Alexander of Macedon that conquered two-thirds of the world’s known world at that time. But what happens when he dies? His followers fought each other over conquered territories, and the Macedonian Empire sunk forever. Just beginning in the 1990s, Macedonia, whose capital Skopje emerged as a new state after independence from Yugoslavia. Now it just becomes a small country.

In Indonesia, the most obvious example is how powerful, virtuous, emphatic and the mighty Sultan Agung of Mataram and see how weak his son Sultan Amangkurat I, which led to the release of one by one territory of the Sultanate of Mataram to the hands of the VOC.

That is why I was amazed when I read the story of the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan at the beginning of the 17th century named Ieyasu Tokugawa to educate his son Hidetada Tokugawa as a potential successor, thus succeeding in his father’s struggle to unite Japan.

But that’s all nothing compared to a process we call the education of the Prophet. Men such as Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Saad ibn Abi Waqqash and many other companions were not people who emerged on their own accord to the stage of history. They are those who are forged by the Messenger of Allah (SAW) to become ready-made people, then able to continue his struggle.

So it is only natural that a non-Muslim scholar Michael H Hart places the Prophet Muhammad at the highest peak of the 100 most influential people in the world to this day. He is not only a religious and state leader but also a teacher who is able to create the best generation in the history of mankind.

From the various experiences above we can take the lesson that we will not live forever. All sorts of expectations, hope does not necessarily come true while we are alive and when it is achieved we really need the people who keep it on track otherwise it will all be just one man show. For that, it is important to train the next generation, to face the challenges that will always be new.

There is a phrase that is very attached to my head while reading La Tahzan’s book, the phrase is something like “Learn from the experience of others because the person grabs it with an expensive sacrifice while you get it for free.”

May we all be people who want to learn

Translate from MELANJUTKAN PERJUANGAN

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GOLD, INFIDELS, AND DEATH

Posted on 10 July 2017 by

Aceh gilded dagger

GOLD, INFIDELS, AND DEATH

A Brief Record of the Experience of Two Frenchmen in West Aceh in the End of the XIX Century

In the 19th century, Westerners continued their exploration of various parts of Asia to exploit the riches of the so-called colored peoples. In this endeavor, they face various reactions of the local community to which they come.

The ancient map of the Aceh Sultanate

At the beginning of 1877, during a war between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, a French L. Wallon1 came to the land of Teunom and Woyla, which lies on the west coast of Aceh. Wallon, conducting scientific research and intending to do golden seed business in the uplands of Teunom and Woyla2. The king in the Teunom lands and the conquest of Panga at that time was Teuku Imum Muda3, while the king of Woyla was Teuku in Blang. With this Woyla king, he had failed to reach agreement in this golden venture, because the king of Woyla asked for a quarter of the proceeds, while Wallon was only willing to give one-fifth4.

Three years later, in March 1880, Wallon returned to Teunom, this time with his compatriot Guillaume5. His journey from Padang (West Sumatra) to Teunom on a boat belonging to Nyak Din’s captain, took more or less two months because they dug out places and small islands to conduct research6.

The events of March 11, 1880

Wallon’s request to go upriver is not permitted by Teuku Imum, because there according to him there are bad people. The King objected Wallon away without him, for he feared the Wallon would be beaten by the Dutch enemies, and finally it was he who had to take care of everything. Then the two Frenchmen participated with Teuku Imum Muda by road to Kuala Woyla, while their belongings with the help of the king were lifted by sea by boat. Teuku Imum Muda hands over the safety responsibility of these two Frenchmen to the king of Woyla, Teuku in Blang but he refuses to accept them. Once again it was stated that the destination was not safe enough, and the two Frenchmen returned to Teunom with Teuku Imum Muda.

The day after arriving at Teunom, the two Frenchmen asked permission to go upriver Teunom, but the king advised them not to go there if they were not with him. They ignore this advice and declare that the king should not worry because of they as white people know exactly the business to be executed. They only asked the king’s help to find a guide, a cook, and a peddler7. After fulfilling their request, Teuku Imum left for Panga and the two Frenchmen headed for the Teunom headwaters. Thus the points we find in the letter of King Teunom addressed to the Assistant Resident of West Aceh in Meulaboh, dated March 10, 18808.

After two days of boarding the boat back and forth to the river Teunom, the two Frenchmen arrived on March 11, 1880 at four o’clock in Tuwi Perya9. Suddenly from the bush came two Acehnese, Panglima Lam Ara, and Po Imum Alue Leuhob, with approximately 40 followers10. Commander Lam Ara shouted to Teuku Din why came there with infidels. Teuku Din replied that they were asked by Teuku Imum Muda, Sayed Hasan, Teuku Padang and these two masters were not Dutch, but France intends to conduct an investigation in search of gold. Commander Lam Ara replied he did not care command earlier leaders because the people who live on the waterfront everything has become an infidel.

Commander Lam Ara and Po Imum Alue Leuhob immediately approached the boat and immediately finished the history of the two Frenchmen with their swords. Because the attack was so sudden, they did not have time to defend themselves, the Acehnese also wanted to spend the five native people who were in the boat, but all of them had jumped into the water and tried to escape. One of them came from Bogor named Aripan, was caught11. He asks forgiveness not to be beheaded because he is a Muslim. They do not just want to believe it before proving it. Then opened the Aripan pants and after it was known that he had been circumcised, he was released. The bodies of the two white men dumped them into the river and may have fallen prey to the crocodile, because when Teuku Imum searched for the bodies it was not found again, even with four boats.

The efforts of King Teunom

After King Teunom got word that the two Frenchmen were murdered, he mobilized an investigation and three days later he got word that the news was true. The messenger returned with Aripan with Teuku Din and Black and they told him all about it12. Immediately he sent fifty men to the ill-fated place by directing all attempts to commit the murder to be captured alive or dead and ordering the guilty to be found anywhere in his area, pursued and captured. He also asked the Dutch Assistant Resident in Meulaboh to immediately inform him whether the goods belonging to the Frenchmen were immediately sent to Meulaboh and if so he would do so immediately13.

The evil threat of the invaders

The Dutch Governor of Aceh Van Der Heyden ordered a Dutch local officer, Van Swieten, to leave for West Aceh by Siak fire on March 31, 1880, carrying a letter from the Governor to King Teunom14. He also wanted to send two infantry and cannon troops as necessary to the country of Teunom, but then postponed it until Van Swieten returned with the ship and again he himself intended to go to Teunom. In the letter of the Governor above to King Teunom, the discovery of his grief over the killing of the innocent people let alone the citizens of the friendly nations with the Dutch East Indies. He also appreciated the efforts of King Teunom to capture the murderers and also the safety of the goods left by the two victims praised. Even so, he was not satisfied anymore. In exchange for blood that has been shed, Van Der Heyden demanded to King Teunom and his people handed the killers of Wallon and Guillaume, while for the execution only given four days to the king. And if the killers were no longer in the territory controlled by King Teunom, and could not possibly arrest him, the Dutch asked the Teunom people to pay 2,000 rixdollars in the four-day period, the threat goes on to state that when his time is up and the demands of the king- The Dutch demands were not met, then King Teunom with his subjects would bear the consequences15.

Customs and traps that failed

Teuku Imum Muda, Raja Teunom (Tengah)

King Teunom tried to summon Commander Lam Ara and Po Imum Alue Leuhob with all his followers, intending to arrest him. Approximately 14 days later they arrived with more or less 40 followers carrying the goods belonging to the two Frenchmen consisting of three guns, a tent, twenty rixdollars and 50 pieces of gold and handed it to Teuku Banda to be forwarded to King Teunom. In addition they brought with a buffalo, a number of coconut and sugar cane to be delivered to the custom of asking the mercy of the king16.

Van Der Hayden

Teuku Imum Muda sent Teuku Banda and another Teuku Mut went to see Commander Lam Ara and Po Imum Alue Leuhob asked the two to face, but their followers just to wait before crossing the Panga river. But both of them refused the proposal if not allowed to come along with their followers. Then Teuku Imum searched his mind and sent a boat across the river to where the Commander was in order to surround them. When the boat looks out to the opposite Commander Lam Ara with his followers immediately fled. Then Teuku Imum told about 500 people to search for Commander Lam Ara and his friends through the fields of the fields and he himself with more than 1,000 people folk take the coastal road to go upstream to Tuwi Perya. Arriving there they did not reach the man, except rice, pepper and empty houses only. Teuku Imum ordered to burn the field house Commander Lam Ara and Po Imum, all of them 6 location17.

After the Dutch were convinced that Teuku Imum was apparently not involved in attempting to kill the two Frenchmen, then Governor Van Der Heyden declared in a letter from the deck of the ship “zeemeeuw” April 9, 1880, that he was willing to surrender the 2,000 ringgit deposit that would have been paid Teuku Imum to the Netherlands, into the hands of Teuku Imum himself for the cost of continuing the search for and arrest Commander Lam Ara and Po Imum Alue Leuhob18.

Epilogue

Taking experience from the event, the Dutch Governor of Aceh requested the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in Betawi for the foreseeable future, an inland visit as the Frenchmen did, for the sake of salvation must be with Dutch permission and the head of native. Apparently, the Dutch did not like Wallon and his colleagues who did not ask permission first. On 18 February 1887, the Dutch Governor of Aceh issued permission to Mathieu Baron Von Hedenstrom, 28 years old, born in Odessa (Russia) and domiciled in Paris. He intends to continue investigations that have been done by Wallon and Guillaume in West Aceh. The letter states that the license only applies solely to the needs of a scientific inquiry and if wishing to visit places outside Meulaboh, he shall not visit, prohibited by the Dutch licensee assigned there for safety reasons.

The Dutch governor in Aceh declared that the cause of the crime and the killing was a loot, especially of the rough and uncivilized people of Aceh. Is there a statement that the governor can be accepted after proven Commander Lam Ara and his colleagues have returned the treasures of the two French including their ringgit and gold money? It can not be expected the colonist to understand the actions of others based on different view of them. Nor can it be expected, in an atmosphere of war against the Dutch, Commander Lam Ara who hurt that the unbelieving European is about to corrupt his religion and his people will do other than what he has done. The clash of values allowed by different circumstances has happened there.

Footnote :

  1. The travel record is contained in Annales de I ‘Extreme Orient, August 1789, and translated by D.F.A. Hervey with the title “Klouwang and its Caves, West Coast of Atchin”, Journal of the Straits Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, (Singapore), vol 8, (December 1881), ms. 153-8.
  2. Aceh, since before Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), has been famous for its gold. A. Hamilton in his travels to the archipelago, 1688-1723, mentions the following: “Atcheen affords nothing of its own product for export, Its being 2% better than Andraghiry sic Pahaung sic gold, and is equal in touch to our guinea “A New Account of the East Indies, Volume II, Edinburg, 1727, ms 108.
  3. When the Aceh War began against the Dutch in 1873, Teuku Imum Muda as a young Uleebalang (hulubalang) went to the Aceh-Inti (Acheh Proper) neheri in 1874 to take part in the war against the Dutch that was considered infidel by the people of Aceh at that time. Since many of his people were martyred and wounded he was forced to return to West Aceh, after he vowed not to surrender to the Dutch. But in 1876 through his scribe, he expressed his wish by a surrender letter with a condition not obliged to meet the Dutch or commander of a Dutch warship. The Dutch ignored him and continued to blockade the export of his pepper, and in 1877 the terms were withdrawn and he went to Kutaraja and signed 18 articles of deed submission to the Netherlands. One of them contained the provision that part of the income of the people that should have been dedicated to the Sultan of Aceh would fall to the Government of the Netherlands East Indies. See “Mededeelingen betreffende de Atjehsche Onderhoorig-heden“, Bijdragen tot de Taal-en Volkenkunde van Nederlands Indie, (The Hague), IX, 1910, m.s. 153.
  4. Reports of West Aceh Resident Assistant, Van Langen, 6 April 1880, dossier no. 9186, Arkib Am Kingdom, Schaarebergen, Holland.
  5. King Teunom gave permission to Wallon to keep the goods in the king’s shop in Bubon Bay. See Teuku Imum Muda’s letter to Assistant Dutch Resident in West Aceh, March 18, 1880, ibid
  6. Aripan’s report, this second French payroll, to Dutch officials in Kutaraja, 7 April 1880, in Van Der Heyden’s Political Report, (15 Jan-30 Oct. 1880), ibid.
  7. Who was the guide, Teuku Din, the cook’s helper named Black and two other peddlers accompanying the journey? Report of West Aceh Resident Assistant, 6 April 1880, ibid.
  8. King Teunom’s Letter to Assistant Resident of West Aceh, ibid
  9. Regarding the reconstruction of the events of March 11, 1880, see Teuku Imum Muda letter, April 3, 1880; Recognition of Aripan, 7 April 1880 Political Report Van Der Heyden, 5 Jan.-30 October 1880, ibid.
  10. Commander Lam Ara from Pedir (Pidie) originally lived upstream in Woyla, because of a dispute with the king of Woyla, he was driven from there, Then he settled upstream Teunom, Tuwi Perya, opened the ground by planting pepper. The followers of this Commander also Po Imum Alue Lehob are Pedir guys. Van Langen’s report, 6 April 1880, ibid.
  11. Aripan, 23, has worked in Bali. After his master named Rouseline moved to Saigon, he was about to return to Bogor, but in Singapura, he met Wallon, Guillaume, and Courret. Eventually Aripan willing to work on them. With the latter two, he went to Betawi and then to Padang (West Sumatra) / See Aripan’s confession, April 7, 1880 in Van Der Heyden’s Political Report, Jan. 5-80 October 1880. Ibid.
  12. Letter Teuku Imum Muda, 18 March 1818, ibid.
  13. Ibid
  14. Letter to the Governor of the Netherlands in Aceh to the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in Batavia. 612 / P.Z., 4 April 1880. Ibid
  15. Ibid
  16. Letter Teuku Imum Muda, 3 April 1818, ibid.
  17. After three days the Raha returned to Panga and it was learned that the son of Panglima Lam Ara’s brother had died immersed in the river of Teunom while fleeing the pursuit of the King of Teunom, and the four Commander-in-Chiefs were also lost in the river when they resigned. Ibid
  18. Ibid
  19. Letter no. 690 / P.Z. 18 April 1880. Ibid

Reference :

Gold, Infidel, and Death; T. Ibrahim Alfian; Pusat Latihan Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Aceh; Darussalam – Banda Aceh; 1976.

Translate from : EMAS, KAFIR DAN MAUT

About Aceh:

  1. CUMBOK WAR, A SOCIAL REVOLUTION IN ACEH (1946-1947)
  2. ACEH THE FIRST SOVEREIGN COUNTRY TO RECOGNIZE THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE NETHERLANDS
  3. CIVILIZATION WITHOUT WRITING
  4. DUTCH RAID OPERATION AGAINST CUT MEUTIA (1910)
  5. SAMUDERA PASAI AS THE FIRST ISLAMIC KINGDOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
  6. ISLAMIC SHARIAH WHO IS AFRAID, A CASE STUDY IN ACEH
  7. ACEH WOMEN FULL POWER
  8. GOLD, INFIDELS, AND DEATH
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MEMUTUS LINGKARAN KEBENCIAN

Posted on 8 July 2017 by

Lingkaran kebencian adalah api yang membakar diri sendiri dan orang lain

MEMUTUS LINGKARAN KEBENCIAN

Orang yang penakut pada saat OSPEK ternyata (sering) menjadi sangat garang ketika menjadi mentor, orang yang sangat tersiksa oleh suatu keadaan ternyata kerap menjadi penguasa yang menindas lebih keras dari pendahulunya. Jika seorang untuk mendapat pekerjaan menyogok 100 juta, maka ketika pegang kuasa akan meminta sogokan 200 juta, dan terus berlanjut. Terus membesar menjadi bola salju dari masa ke masa, tidak akan pernah selesai dan akhirnya menjadi lingkaran Kebencian (setan).

Ternyata manusia memiliki kecenderungan meniru apa yang ia benci, terkadang sifat meniru itu malah menjadikannya “lebih menjadi-jadi” dan lebih “ganas”. Tiap penindasan sebagaimana penjajahan adalah buruk. Hanya orang yang kotor isi kepalanya yang menganggap penjajahan mememiliki sisi baik dan buruk. Pemikiran bahwa penjajahan adalah memiliki sisi baik pernah ditanam di Indonesia melalui Belanda, kedatangan mereka adalah untuk membawa peradaban kepada penduduk Nusantara itu palsu!

Sejarah copy paste kebencian

Sejarah adalah ilmu yang menakjubkan, tiap-tiap kejadian di masa lalu tentu tak akan sama persis dengan hari ini, tapi ia memiliki pola dan jika kita berpikir dan mengkajinya dapat menjadi pembelajaran.

Kejadian yang menimpa kaum muslimin di Barbastro sesungguhnya ujian terbesar, jika bukan yang paling besar. Karena peristiwa yang terjadi di sana jauh lebih hebat dari yang digambarkan.

Ketika kekuasaan Islam di Cordova jatuh ke tangan Fernando de Castilla (1236), Portugal oleh Alfonso II (1249), dan daerah terakhir di Semenanjung Iberia di Granada jatuh ke tangan Raja Ferdinand (Arragon) dan Isabella (Castille) pada 1492. Segera pembalasan dendam dilakukan, pemaksaan kembali ke agama Kristen pun dilakukan. Padahal ketika berkuasa penguasa Islam yaitu Dinasti Ummayyah dan penerusnya tidak pernah melakukan pemaksaan agama kepada penduduk negeri yang ditaklukkan. Kita mengetahui bahwa selama 800 tahun Andalusia (Meliputi Spanyol, Portugal dan Perancis Selatan) merupakan pusat peradaban Islam, dalam rentang itu bangsawan Moor-Islam dan Spanyol-Kristen sudah melakukan kawin campur.

Pada 1492 Ferdinand dan Isabella mengeluarkan Dekret Alhambra yang memerintahkan seluruh Yahudi untuk meninggalkan Spanyol. Umat Islam di Spanyol juga mendapat perintah serupa. Banyak di antara mereka yang pindah ke agama Kristen daripada harus meninggalkan Spanyol, dan mereka ini disebut dengan istilah conversos. Para conversos ini dicurigai tidak pindah agama dengan jujur dan tulus.

Orang-orang Islam di Spanyol, Mudéjars atau yang sudah pindah ke Katolik, disebut Moriscos, tak luput dari penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh Inkuisisi Spanyol. Menurut Perjanjian Granada (1491), umat Islam dijanjikan kebebasan beragama, namun perjanjian ini tidak berumur panjang. Pada 1502, umat Muslim diberikan ultimatum untuk masuk Kristen atau meninggalkan Spanyol. Mayoritas mereka pindah agama, namun hanya di luar saja, karena mereka masih berpakaian dan berbicara sebagaimana sebelumnya, beribadah menurut agama Islam secara sembunyi-sembunyi, dan menggunakan tulisan Aljamiado. Hal ini menyebabkan Kardinal Cisneros untuk menerapkan peraturan yang lebih keras dan memaksa, sehingga memicu sebuah pemberontakan. Pemberontakan ini berhasil dipadamkan (1502), dan pihak Spanyol menggunakan pemberontakan ini sebagai alasan untuk membatalkan Perjanjian Granada. Pada 1508, pakaian bernuansa Islam dilarang. Pada 1526 dan 1527, peraturan yang lebih keras lagi dikeluarkan. Pada 1567, Raja Felipe II mengeluarkan baru yang melarang penggunaan nama berbau Islam, pakaian Islam, serta larangan berbahasa Arab. Bahkan orang-orang Islam diberitahu anak-anak mereka nantinya harus diserahkan untuk dididik para pendeta Kristen. Seluruh 300.000 moriscos akhirnya diusir dari Spanyol pada 1609–1614, oleh Raja Felipe III.

Mengapa pembalasan dendam itu terjadi? Mungkin karena mereka merasa tidak ada keadilan dalam penjajahan. Pembalasan berlanjut, setelah menemukan Tanjung Harapan, Vasco da Gama menaklukkan kerajaan Islam Goa di India dan menjadikan koloni kerajaan Portugal. Alfonso de Albuquerqe menaklukkan kekuatan Islam di Malaka dan membuka jalan ke Nusantara. Afrika, India dan Indo-Cina, kolonialisme Barat menghancurkan kekuatan Islam. Rute kematian dan darah tersebut dibuka dengan semboyan “gold”, “gospel”, dan “glory”. Penemuan jalur laut membuat kekuatan Barat dengan gemilang “melompati” Turki sebagai kekuatan besar Islam yang menjadi palang pintu ke timur, laut menjadi jalan tol dan bebas hambatan (berarti). Hasilnya? Pemusnahan suatu bangsa oleh bangsa lain, semua itu dipicu oleh kebencian.

Pengusiran Muslim Valencia (1609 M)

Pengusiran Muslim Catalonia (1613 M)

Pengusiran Muslim Murcia (1614 M)

Penindasan itu melebar ke Eropa

Spanyol juga menjajah Belanda. Penindasan terus-menerus oleh Spanyol kepada Belanda menyebabkan terjadinya Perang Delapan Puluh Tahun atau Pemberontakan Belanda (1566-1648), adalah pemberontakan Tujuh Belas Provinsi di Belanda terhadap raja Spanyol. Awalnya, Spanyol berhasil meredam pemberontakan ini, tetapi tahun 1572 pihak pemberontak berhasil menguasai Brielle, dan pemberontak akhirnya menang dan memperoleh kemerdekaan melalui Perdamaian Munster(1648).

Setelah merdeka Belanda mereka mengikuti jejak penjajah mereka, Spanyol. Mereka membangun imperium kolonial seberang lautan. Hal ini didukung oleh ketrampilan Belanda dalam bidang pelayaran dan perdagangan, tapi Belanda mempelajari kelemahan Spanyol yaitu ketidakmampuan pemanfaatan kapital, jadi Belanda mendirikan jajahan dengan model Negara kapitalis tidak langsung yang pengelolaannya diserahkan kepada perusahaan-perusahaan kolonial, salah satunya VOC yang menaklukkan sebagian besar kerajaan di Indonesia.

Penjajahan adalah kejahatan yang disertai penindasan. Siapa yang hendak membantah?

Meskipun satu ras dan satu agama, Belgia dan Belanda yang tadinya satu berpisah pada tahun 1830. Belgia memerdekakan diri. Mengapa? Karena Belgia merasa dijajah. Padahal orang-orang Belanda tidak pernah memaksa orang-orang Belgia menanam cengkeh atau pala seperti yang dialami orang-orang Maluku dan tidak ada pembakaran kampung dan pembunuhan masal seperti yang dilakukan oleh Belanda di Aceh dan Gayo.

Mutilasi orang-orang Kongo oleh Leopold II

Belgia sendiri ternyata menjadi penjajah yang lebih kejam dari Belanda. Raja Leopold II dari Belgia (1835-1909) yang memerintah dari 17 Desember 1865 sampai 1909. Ketika Belgia menjajah Kongo, Leopold II menyulap negeri yang sebelumnya damai menjadi Negara yang 100 persen menjadi budak. Dibawah panjinya, Leopold II memaksa orang-orang Kongo untuk mengais sumber daya mereka sendiri dan memenuhi kantong-kantong harta Leopold II. Awalnya dengan pengumpulan gading, dan setelah harga karet naik pada tahun 1890-an, ia memaksa penduduk asli mengumpulkan getah karet. Leopold II begitu kejam kepada orang-orang kongo, lewat tangan para prajuritnya, ia membantai dan memutilasi orang-orang yang tak mau bekerja. Setidaknya 10 juta orang Kongo tewas semasa penjajahan Belgia, melebihi kematian 6 juta Yahudi oleh Hitler yang menguncang dunia. Lucunya, Leopold II seolah tak ingin bertanggungjawab terhadap hal tersebut setelah diketahui membantai 10 juta orang. Ia memberikan kuasanya kepada parlemen, membuat ia harus turun tahta. Tapi Leopold II masih bisa menikmati hidupnya dengan segala harta yang dimilikinya, diatas penderitaan orang lain.

Penjajahan di Indonesia

VOC ships, the pirates white, proclaimed the civilizing mission to the nations in the archipelago. Though clearly the purpose behind them came to the archipelago is there to “colonize” the natives.

Di Indonesia sendiri setelah VOC bangkrut dan dibubarkan pada 31 Desember 1799, pemerintah Belanda mengambil alih wilayah jajahannya di Hindia Belanda, Pada awal abad ke-19 hanya pulau Jawa yang secara keseluruhan milik Belanda, lalu pada tahun-tahun selanjutnya semua daerah lain di Nusantara (Indonesia) ditaklukkan atau “dipasifikasikan”. Penguasaan atas koloni ini menjadi penyumbang terbesar pada pengaruh global kekuatan Belanda, terutama dalam perdagangan rempah dan komoditas perkebunan lainnya. Puncaknya pada tahun 1942, Hindia Belanda meliputi semua daerah Indonesia saat ini.

Operasi Pasukan Marsose di Mukim XX (Perang Aceh 1873-1904) Salah satu perlawanan tergigih dan terlama terhadap kolonisasi Belanda di Indonesia

Situasi berubah ketika Jepang datang, tentara Jepang datang berpura-pura menjadi “saudara tua” bagi orang-orang Indonesia mengalahkan penjajah Belanda. Pada Maret 1942, pemerintah Belanda secara resmi menyatakan kalah kepada tentara Jepang dan menandatangani perjanjian Kalijati.

Jika pada awal kedatangannya, Jepang berjanji untuk membebaskan Indonesia dari penjajahan Belanda maka tak lama kemudian Jepang segera menunjukkan watak aslinya, ingin menjajah Indonesia, tapi masa pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia tidak lama. Jepang menyerah kepada sekutu setelah Hiroshima dan Nagasaki dijatuhi bom atom oleh Amerika Serikat.

Evolution of the Dutch East Indies

Ketika pada 17 Agustus 1945, Indonesia mengumumkan kemerdekaan diproklamasikan di Jakarta. Belanda menentang dan memerangi para pejuang kemerdekaan. Baru pada tanggal 27 Desember 1949, kedaulatan Indonesia diakui. Papua Bagian Barat masih dikuasai Belanda sampai tahun 1961. Ternyata setelah merdeka Indonesia juga meniru sikap buruk penjajah yaitu Belanda dengan korupsinya dan Jepang dengan sikap birokrasi yang kaku dan cenderung militeristik. Padahal dua hal tersebut telah ditanggalkan oleh kedua penjajah kita tersebut.

Penjajahan Indonesia kepada Timor Leste

Pada tahun 1975, Timor Portugis ditelantarkan Portugal yang dilanda Revolusi Anyelir. Maka segera Timor Portugis diinvasi oleh Indonesia, dibantu oleh Australia, Inggris dan Amerika Karena ditakutkan menjadi negara komunis.

Namun PBB tidak menyetujui tindakan Indonesia. Pada tanggal 30 Agustus 1999, dalam sebuah referendum yang disponsori PBB, mayoritas rakyat Timor Timur memilih merdeka dari Indonesia. Segera setelah referendum, milisi anti kemerdekaan yang diorganisir oleh militer dan memulai kampanye bumi hangus. Menurut Wikipedia, milisi membunuh 1400 rakyat Timor Timur dan dengan paksa mendorong 300.000 rakyat mengungsi ke Timor Barat (Wilayah Republik Indonesia). Pada tanggal 20 September 1999, Angkatan Udara Internasional untuk Timor Timur (INTERFET) dikirim ke Timor Timur untuk mengakhiri kekerasan. Pemusnahan massal ini mengakibatkan Indonesia tidak memiliki warisan kebudayaan disana, suatu hal yang tidak dilakukan oleh dua penjajah kita yaitu Belanda dan Jepang. Bahkan ketika Timor Timur diakui sebagai Negara dan secara resmi merdeka dari Indonesia pada tanggal 20 Mei 2002 ketika menjadi anggota PBB, mereka memutuskan memakai nama Portugis “Timor Leste” sebagai nama resmi.

Puing-puing insfrastruktur Indonesia di Timor Leste

Nasib Timor Leste setelah merdeka tidak lebih baik ketika masih menjadi provinsi ke-27 Indonesia, perekonomian diklasifikasikan dengan pendapatan menegah ke bawah oleh Bank Dunia, berada di peringkat 158 dalam daftar HD. 20 persen penduduk menganggur, 52,9 persen hidup dengan kurang dari US 1,25 perhari. Walaupun telah merdeka masih bergantung pasokan barang-barang dari Indonesia mulai dari makanan pokok sampai bahan bakar minyak, secara politik sangat bergantung pada mantan penjajah Portugal, dan tidak memiliki mata uang sendiri sehingga mengadopsi mata uang Dollar Amerika Serikat. Dan entah kejelekan apa yang ditiru Timor Leste dari Indonesia sehingga kehidupan mereka menjadi lebih parah dari ketika bergabung dalam Republik Indonesia.

Bagaimana nasib kita?

Sungguh gawat nasib kita selama ini akibat kebencian terus menerus, kronis dan menjadi residu dalam darah. Para birokrat semakin beringas mencuri dari Negara ini, para senior semakin kejam kepada junior. Individu-individu semakin kejam dan beringas. Apakah ini harus kita biarkan?

Akhiri lingkaran setan ini!

Dunia ini, waktu, seperti aliran air, kadang-kadang terbelokkan oleh secuil puing, oleh tiupan angin sepoi-sepoi.

Entah mengapa dunia bekerja seperti ini? Kita tidak bisa membayangkan mengapa ini semua bergerak kearah yang semakin bengis. Ketika Romawi belum memeluk agama Kristen ada istilah “Homo Homini Lupus” yaitu “Manusia yang menjadi serigala bagi manusia lainnya.” Apa jadinya jika agama tidak turun ke muka bumi, tentu manusia menjadi lebih bengis.

Sebenarnya mengakhiri lingkaran kebencian ini sangat mudah, jika kita memiliki contoh yang benar. Ketika Nabi Muhammad S.A.W menaklukkan kota Makkah, penduduk Makkah yang pernah terang-terangan memusuhinya, dan pernah berkomplot membunuhnya, telah menyiksa para sahabatnya, dan telah memeranginya di Badar, di Uhud, dan sebagainya bertanya tentang nasib mereka.

Kata beliau, “Sekarang kamu boleh pulang, kamu semua saya bebaskan.” Dengan ucapan Rasulullah sepatah ini segenap bangsa Quraisy, dan segenap penduduk Mekkah dibebaskan dan dimaafkan dari semua dosa dan kesalahan yang mereka perbuat bertahun-tahun atas diri Nabi Muhammad S.A.W dan diri kaum muslimin. Muhammad, utusan Allah telah menang dan berkuasa tapi kemenangan dan kekuasaannya itu tidak dipergunakan untuk melepaskan dendam dan menuntut balas, tapi digunakan untuk menjadi saluran guna mengalirkan cinta kasih dan untuk menurunkan ampunan dan maaf.

“Sesungguhnya pada diri Rasulullah ada teladan yang baik bagimu, yaitu bagi orang yang mengharap Allah dan hari akhir serta banyak berdzikir kepada Allah.” (QS Al-Ahzab: 21)

Ketika kita manusia mampu keluar dari mimpi buruk, dan menemukan perdamaian dengan sama lalu serta mampu memaafkan seluruh penderitaan yang terjadi di masa lalu maka selesailah rantai kebencian itu. Mungkin dunia tidak serta merta berubah, mungkin kita akan kalah. Tapi apakah hidup ini hanya semata di dunia?

Allah SWT berfirman : “Demi masa! Sesungguhnya manusia itu adalah di dalam kerugian. Kecuali orang yang beriman dan beramal shalih dan berpesan-pesanan dengan kebenaran dan berpesan-pesanan dengan kesabaran.” (QS Surat Al-Ashr 1-3)

Ketika manusia berkata dalam kebaikan dan kesabaran, maka ia memberi arti bagai mengubah kata menjadi puisi, dari situ hidupnya menjadi sinar penerang yang memancarkan cahaya menjadi rahmatullilalamin (Rahmat kepada alam semesta). Apakah bisa? Semoga Allah meridhai kita semua. Amin ya Allah ya rabbalalamin.

Referensi :

  1. Lintasan Sejarah Islam di Zaman Rasulullah saw; H Rus’an; Departemen Agama; Tahun 1982/1983;
  2. http://www.lindachristanty.com/index.php/blog/post/penjajahan-yang-buruk-dan-perdamaian-dengan-masa-lalu-oleh-linda-christanty; akses 8 Juli 2017;
  3. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Delapan_Puluh_Tahun; akses 8 Juli 2017;
  4. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_II_dari_Belgia; akses 8 Juli 2017;
  5. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda; akses 8 Juli 2017;
  6. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste; akses 8 Juli 2017;
Posted in Cuplikan Sejarah, Kolom, Mari Berpikir, Opini, Pengembangan diri | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

THE INTERPRETER

Posted on 6 July 2017 by

The interpreter is not born out of nothing, he is a historical being.

THE INTERPRETER

In a patch of space, in a corner of dark alleys, twisting, not knowing where the ends are. The room is no less dark. Only the light from behind the small window up there that the line penetrated, stroked the dust flying, greeting paper sheets piled, paper friends, the ink and pen, the place to write stories. There was a happy smile. There is no prison there. No fear at all is heaven.

He has suffered defeat, error. Who makes sure all the way of life in the days flows, or has he ever cultivated love, set the heart. Is it true? There is no grudge there, no sense of reprisal, demand, or self-defense. Or is it free? From envy to being. Is with a smile and calm, he lived the twists and turns of life.

The interpreter is not born out of nothing, he is a historical being.

Because interpretation is always evolving with space and time, that’s why there is no fixed standard interpretation all the time. We know every writing and commentary is put forward in the language, and the language in its belief forms history.

An interpretation is a moving ocean of meaning, it is not a limit of meaning. The movement is almost endless so it can not be fully controlled by the creator.

Because there are people who are entrapped seduction, not infrequently also fall in love because of writing. These are just words. Sometimes unconsciously, words are small bridges that can be explored to search for what is there.

Because of the decisive reader. Each time it can be a multi-layered meaning. So it becomes a never-ending struggle. A Poet (often) speaks the truth, but we can not expect the world to change just because of words alone.

Translate from: TAFSIR SANG PENAFSIR

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HIKAYAT SUKU MANTE

Posted on 5 July 2017 by

Apakah Suku Mante seperti Gollum?

HIKAYAT SUKU MANTE

Sungai Krueng Sabee sekitar tiga kilometer selatan kota Calang (ibu kota Kabupaten Aceh Jaya) memiliki kekhasan berpasir, menyerupai pasir laut. Kadang-kadang jika musim kemarau aliran sungai menjadi dangkal menimbulkan gundukan pasir selayaknya pantai ditengah sungai. Pada awal abad ke-20 aliran sungai sebagaimana diceritakan oleh para orang tua kampung masih jernih, disekitar sungai masih ditumbuhi oleh hutan perawan yang tersambung ke pengunungan Seulawah di Utara sampai Leuser di Selatan, bahkan jika ditarik sambung menyambung sampai ujung Selatan Sumatera meliputi seluruh gugusan bukit barisan. Pada gundukan tersebut jika tersangkut sampah berupa ranting dan dedaunan jika diangkat terdapat udang segar, ataupun ikan. Alam memberikan segalanya waktu itu.

Nekmi menceritakan kembali sebagaimana diceritakan oleh Neknyang (nenek buyut) bahwa pada suatu pagi, beberapa anak kampung Mon Mata berkeinginan melihat “Aneuk Lacoe” yang mungkin padanan bahasa kita sekarang adalah kurcaci atau hobbit. Mereka menjalin rotan menjadi gelang, lalu mereka melempar gelang-gelang tersebut pada pantai pasir ditengah sungai lalu bersembunyi kearah yang lebih jauh. Lama mereka bersembunyi sampai hampir jengah, tiba-tiba dari kejauhan muncul beberapa kurcaci yang hanya bercawat, mereka bersenang-senang dengan gelang tersebut. Memasukkan ke tangan kemudian ke kaki. Mereka bergembira sekali dengan mainan tersebut.

“Aneuk Lacoe” adalah pemandangan yang gaib, sekaligus menakjubkan bagi anak-anak kampung Mon Mata tersebut, mereka dipercaya memiliki sihir dan kemampuan berbicara dengan hewan di hutan raya. Namun tidak seperti suku-suku lain di Aceh mereka tidak berbaur dan memilih menghindari peradaban. Ukuran “Aneuk Lacoe” itu menurut penuturan saksi mata tidak pernah ada yang mencapai satu meter, kebanyakan hanyalah setinggi balita berusia lima tahun. Namun jangan pertanyakan kegesitan mereka, begitu mendengar suara langkah kaki atau ranting patah terinjak mereka akan segera melarikan diri ke dalam hutan. Mereka hanya bisa memandangi dari jauh tanpa pernah bisa mendekati.

Jembatan Krueng Sabee

Ada pepatah di daerah Krueng Sabee dan sekitarnya jika ada anak kecil atau orang yang tidak berpakaian maka akan disebut sebagai “aneuk lacoe”. Kemunculan kurcaci atau Hobbit itu tidak hanya terjadi di daerah Krueng Sabee, kearah Selatan di mana ada sungai-sungai besar lain seperti Sungai Krueng Teunom, Krueng Woyla, Krueng Seunagan serta banyak sungai yang berbatu lainnya, oleh penduduk sekitar pada tahun-tahun tersebut. Penduduk kearah Selatan menyebut mereka dengan sebutan Orang Bante. Merekalah yang disebut dengan sebutan orang Mante.

Ditahun 1940-an orang-orang Mante tidak terlihat lagi turun ke sungai-sungai di pesisir Barat Aceh.

Asaliah Bangsa Aceh dan Perkembangannya.

H.M. Zainuddin seorang pujangga (pengarang roman Jeumpa Aceh) sekaligus seorang sejarawan dalam bukunya yang monumental “Tarikh Aceh dan Nusantara” yang pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1961 menyebutkan bahwa bangsa Aceh termasuk ke dalam lingkungan bangsa Melayu, yaitu bangsa-bangsa : Mante (Bante), Lanun, Sakai Jakun, Semang (orang laut), Sanun dan lain-lain. Kesemua bangsa tersebut secara etnologi, memiliki hubungan dengan bangsa Phonesia di Babylonia dan bangsa Dravida di lembah sungai Indus dan Gangga.

Ia menambahkan keterangan bangsa Mante, terutama adalah penduduk Aceh Besar. Menurut cerita orang-orang tua (mythe), tempat kedudukannya di kampung Seumileuk yang disebut kampung Rumoh Dua Blah (Kampung Rumah Dua Belas), letaknya di atas Seulimeum antara kampung Jantho dengan Tangse. Seumileuk artinya daratan yang luas. Bangsa Mante inilah yang berkembang biak keseluruh lembah Aceh tiga segi dan kemudian berpindah ke lain-lain tempat.

Adapun lembah Aceh Besar itu (Aceh tiga segi) tatkala itu lautnya Indrapuri dan Tanoh Abee menjadi tempat kediaman orang Hindu. Blang Bintang, Ulee Kareng, Lam Baro, Lam Ateuk, Lam Nyong, Tungkop, Lam Nga, Tibang dan lain-lain merupakan laut yang luas. Dan menurut mythe tersebut, kalau orang hendak berhaji maka pelabuhannya di Aneuk Glee, Montasik. Ialah perigi tempat pelaut-pelaut singah mengambil air. Letak kampung Montasik sekarang adalah tepi laut, sedangkan Kampung Ateuk yang berasal dari kata “Gateuk” sebangsa ketam tanah yang hidup di air asin (payau) yang berdekatan dengan laut. Pasar yang terbesar disekitar Kuta Masah di atas Indrapuri. Menurut keterangan tersebut dapat meyakinkan kita bahwa sampai abad ke-8 Masehi pantai atau tepi laut Aceh Besar sampai dekat Indrapuri dan Tanoh Abee di dekat kaki bukit barisan, dan merupakan satu teluk yang indah pemandangannya. Jika hari ini letak geografis telah berubah disebabkan pergeseran bumi sendiri. Sampai saat ini penghidupan bangsa Aceh dahulu kala mengembara belum dapat dijelaskan oleh H.M. Zainuddin.

Sejarah Mante

Catatan sejarah tentang suku Mante yang paling lengkap adalah yang disusun oleh Dada Meuraksa berjuduk “Ungkapan Sejarah Aceh” pada tahun 1975. Sebagaimana pengakuan beliau, ia melanjutkan karya dari ayahnya yaitu Tuanku Raja Keumala yang meninggal dunia di tahun 1930. Menurut Dada Meuraksa, dinasti Mante adalah dinasti tertua yang diketahui. Kerajaan Mante berpusat di Seumileuk, yaitu pedalaman Seulimeum antara Jantho, masih dalam daerah sagi XXII mukim. Kata-kata Mante berasal dari Mantenia atau Mantinea yaitu suatu kota di Yunani, dimana penduduknya disebut Mantinean. Pada abad ke 14 Sebelum Masehi (dan seterusnya selama kurang lebih 3 abad) mereka melakukan perpindahan penduduk kedaerah panas di Selatan. Mereka datang ke Yunani semula mereka mendiami pulau Kreta bagian Selatan yaitu Thessalia, menamakan suku mereka Achaea. Pada abad ke 12 Sebelum Masehi mereka diusir oleh suku Doris, lalu mereka berpindah, sebagian kedaerah Peloponnesus Utara, sebagian ke Asia Kecil (Turki), dan sebagian yang lain ke Asia tengah (lembah Kaukasus)

Mereka yang pindah ke lembah Kaukasus itu kemudian mengembara kearah Timur melalui Chaibar Pas (jurang antara dua gunung diperbatasan Afganistan dan India) mereka sampai di India Utara, dan berasimilasi dengan penduduk disana. Kemudian mereka meneruskan pengembaraan kearah Timur sampai ke Tennosering diperbatasan Burma dengan Siam, mereka berasimilasi lagi dengan bangsa Man Khemer, yaitu leluhur bangsa Kamboja dan Campa.

Kemudian mereka meneruskan pengembaraan ke Selatan dengan menyebrangi Selat Malaka. Mereka sampai ke Pulau Perca (Sumatera), dan membuat kerajaan Mante dengan berpusat di Seumileuk. Yaitu suatu tempat yang strategis untuk mendapatkan sumber emas di kaki Gunung Emas yang terletak pada satu pucuk sungai yang bercabang tiga ( di Tangse) yaitu : Sungai Krueng Aceh, Krueng Woyla (Tutut) dan Krueng Keumala. Seumileuk itu termasuk lembah Krueng Aceh, dan kemungkinan nama lembah Aceh (Aceh Raya), Krueng Aceh dan bangsa Aceh berasal dari nama suku mereka Achaia.

Adapun raja-raja dari dinasti Mante yang menjadi penguasa dan memerintah di lembah Aceh Besar itu tidak seluruhnya diketahui. Menurut catatan yang masih ada kita mengenal raja yang bernama “Maharaja Po Tuah Meuri”. Adapun raja-raja sebelumnya tidak dapat diketahui. Setelah Maharaja Po Tuan Meuri memerintah anak cucunya menurut garis lurus sambung menyambung yaitu : Maharaja Ok Meugumbak, Maharaja Jagat, Maharaja Dumet, Maharani Putro Budian. Sampai disini berakhirlah dinasti Mante tersebut. Dan sejarah berhenti mencatat dinasti suku Mante.

Maharani Putro Budian menikah dengan Maharaja Po Liang, yaitu seorang bangsawan Campa dari Indocina yang datang ke Aceh bersama rombongannya karena negerinya diserang musuh yang lebih kuat. Beliau mencari tanah air sambil mengembangkan agama Budha mazhab Hinayana sekte Mantrayana. Setelah menikahi Ratu Mante itu beliau berhasil membudhakan Aceh, dan akhirnya beliau diangkat sebagai Raja Lamuri yang pertama.

Adapun dinasti Po Liang yang memerintah kerajaan Aceh Lamuri itu menurut catatan Dada Meuraksa adalah sebagai berikut :

  1. Maharaja Po Liang. Raja Lamuri Budha I.
  2. Maharaja Beuransah. Raja Lamuri Budha II. (Anak nomor 1).
  3. Maharaja Beureuman. Raja Lamuri Budha III. (Anak nomor 2).
  4. Maharaja Binsih. Raja Lamuri Budha IV. (Anak nomor 3).
  5. Maharaja Lam Teuba, Raja Lamuri Islam I, mahzab syi’ah. Beliau adalah raja yang termasyur karena keberaniannya, keadilannya, kecerdasannya, dan terutama karena menyambut Islam yang dibawa dan didakwahkan kepadanya oleh seorang Sayid keturunan Rasulullah s.a.w. (754 M).
  6. Maharaja Gading. Islam Syiah ke II (786 M). Anak no.5 dan cucu no.4.
  7. Maharaja Banda Chairullah. Islam Syiah ke III (822 M). Anak no.6.
  8. Maharaja Cut Samah. Islam Syiah ke IV (870 M). Anak no.7.
  9. Maharaja Cut Madin. Islam Syiah ke V (916 M). Anak no.8.
  10. Maharaja Cut Malim. Islam Syiah ke VI (963 M). Anak no.9.
  11. Maharaja Cut Seudang. Islam Syiah ke VII (1034 M). Anak no.10.
  12. Maharaja Cut Samlako. Islam Syiah ke VIII (1082 M). Anak no.11.
  13. Maharaja Cut Ujo. Islam Syiah ke IX (1113 M). Anak no.12.
  14. Maharaja Cut Wali. Islam Syiah ke X (1144 M). Anak no.13.
  15. Maharaja Cut Ubit. Islam Syiah ke XI (1171 M). Anak no.13 dan adik no.14.
  16. Maharaja Cut Dhiet. Islam Syiah ke XII (1185 M). Anak no.15.
  17. Maharaja Cut Umbak. Islam Syiah ke XIII (1201 M). Anak no.16.
  18. Maharani Putro Ti Seuno. Islam Syiah ke XIV (1235 M). Anak no.17.

Sampai disini berakhirlah kerajaan Lamuri dinasti Po Liang, Maharani Putro Ti Seuno menikah dengan Johan Syah, yang kemudian menjadi Sultan Alaidin Johan Syah, Raja Lamuri Islam Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah ke I (1205-1235 M). Nama raja-raja dinasti Mante dan dinasti Po Liang ini diperoleh Dada Meuraksa dari salinan manuskrip T. Raja Muluk Attahasi, seorang keturunan pembesar Aceh di zaman dahulu, demikian pula juga angka-angka tahunnya. Dengan demikian mulailah dinasti Alaidin memimpin tampuk kerajaan Aceh yang kemudia diubah dari Lamuri menjadi Aceh Darussalam.

Menghilangnya suku Mante dari pusat kosmopolitan Aceh masih misterius, diduga sebagian dari mereka memilih mengembara kepedalaman hutan belantara ketika Aceh mulai memeluk agama Budha pada awal masa dinasti Po Liang.

Harga Diri Suku Mante

Berdasarkan cerita hikayat, suku Mante pernah ditangkap pada masa Sultan Alaidin Ali Mughayat Syah (1514-1530). Dua orang Mante ditangkap saat itu, diduga adalah sepasang suami istri. Setelah ditangkap mereka tidak mau bicara atau makan dan memilih mati kelaparan. Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah menyesal dan menangisi kematian dua Mante ini dan mengeluarkan maklumat kepada rakyat Aceh untuk tidak menganggu mereka apabila bertemu.

Keberadaan suku Mante di pedalaman Aceh menjadi perdebatan banyak pihak, ada yang percaya atau pun tidak. Mungkin ada yang sinis dan menganggap itu sebagai dongeng belaka. Bagi masyarakat Aceh, keberadaan mereka bagai sebuah legenda ataupun mitos, karena memang sedikit yang pernah bertemu dengan mereka. Suku Mante sendiri termasuk dalam suku Proto Melayu (Melayu Tua), yang diperkirakan sudah punah.

Penemuan kembali suku Mante?

Dalam bukunya, De Atjehers. Snouck Hurgronye mencatat meskipun ia sendiri mengaku belum pernah bertemu dengan suku tersebut. Beberapa saksi mengaku pernah melihat Mante, dan mengatakan bahwa suku ini sering ditemui di pedalaman Lokop Aceh Timur dan di pedalaman Tangse Pidie. Snouck Hurgronye sendiri mengartikan Mante sebagai istilah untuk tingkah kebodoh-bodohan dan kekanak-kanakan.

Selamatkan Hutan, Selamatkan Alam

Suku Mante telah memilih meninggalkan peradaban ke hutan. Jikalah kita mengingat pesan Sultan Alaidin Ali Mughayat Syah apa untungnya menganggu mereka? Zaman modern mungkin kejam, nasib suku Mante sama seperti berbagai flora dan fauna dalam hutan, mereka tak berdaya menghadapi gencarnya korporasi dan konglemerasi menggerus habitat mereka. Perkebunan sawit, karet bahkan yang paling menjijikan adalah penebangan hutan oleh perusahaan besar, apalagi dengan kedok perkebunan sawit dan karet. Penambangan emas, gas, dan eksplorasi hutan secara besar-besaran telah mendesak mereka. Para orang-orang serakah yang mengincar keuntungan demi mengejar keuntungan ekonomi. Tapi apakah hidup adalah semata-mata tentang kekayaan dan keserakahan?

Ketika pemimpin-pemimpin di Aceh yang lahir dari demokrasi menutup mata demi fee belaka, suku Mante pasti akan punah! Dan betapa kita merindukan seorang Alaidin Ali Mughayat Syah.

Nekmi bercerita, suatu hari Nek Nyang bercerita dengan mata berbinar, bahwa ketika erangan para suku Mante tertawa bahagia dengan gelang rotan mereka. Suara keras mereka sangat aneh sehingga para anak-anak kampung Mon Mata yang mengintip dari kejauhan bergerak mundur dan menahan nafas. Mereka bahagia untuk kebahagiaan dari mereka yang berbeda. Sebuah pemandangan yang menakjubkan, dan aliran sungai Krueng Sabee yang pelan dan berbuih-buih itu bergemericik menuju lautan. Betapa indahnya.

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DUSK IN MALACCA

Posted on 4 July 2017 by

Turning faintly of the ocean, I transformed into a line of names.

DUSK IN MALACCA

In the year 1620-1630. The Portuguese in Malacca were confronted by Aceh Darussalam and Johor. Dutch in Batavia in the face by Mataram and Banten, while the Spanish in the Philippines faced by Ternate and Tidore. The Western foreign powers, the Portuguese, the Spanish, the English and French interchanged with each other, but the powers of the archipelago themselves were unable to mobilize unity of the struggle to confront it, even to each other. This is a story about the situation before the Dutch came out as the sole winner in the oceans and the archipelago. A story about the attack on Aceh to the Portuguese-controlled Malacca.

X

His Majesty Sultan Iskandar Muda handled the preparations for the Malacca invasion. As a soldier, I look at what is being prepared. Yes, I was really amazed to see the fleet of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam, which the king described as an “unbeatable” fleet. Our ship will depart from Bandar Aceh is very much, not to mention who will join from other ports on the east coast of Aceh.

Finally, according to the calculations of the fleet, we set out, consisting of ships war and ships carrying land-soldiers. I was on one of the boats. Not too big, but incredibly lively, because of the number and the oarsmen of choice. From this ship I can witness the largest ship where the Majesty Sultan Iskandar Muda is located, The Portuguese named her Espanto del Mundo. To the ship, the Sultan gave her name Cakradonya. How not! The length of 100 meters, erect three mast stands that Look like coconut trunks only. At a glance, I counted there were about 50 different types of cannon guns on each stomach. Yes, I can not imagine what it would be if all the guns were fired. In the middle of a voyage to Malacca, I mused.

Throughout the voyage. I imagined Sultan King Iskandar Muda must be smiling. We believe that Malacca will fall into the hands of Aceh. As our dream as another son of Aceh is to seize Malacca. Expel Portugal forever from Southeast Asia.

Malacca Attack (Portuguese) by the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam in 1629

The year 1629. The hundred-ship shipwreck finally arrived. The cannon shells from the Malacca fortress can be offset by gun shots from Aceh’s fleet ships. Troops have been landed. The city of Malacca has been occupied and remains the fortress of Malacca.

However, we were surprised by the arrival of the Portuguese fleet from the West, from Goa (India). The balance of forces at sea has changed completely. Even from the land, we were surprised by the Johor army came to help the Portuguese fort from the land. Traitor! The balance of troops on land has also changed completely.

For the first time, I felt, maybe I would die in this battle. The battle of the sea grew horribly, the ships burned, falling apart, and drowning around the Great Ship of Cakradonya. It looks like we’re going to lose. Sultan Iskandar Muda has ordered the ship to turn.

I ordered our ship to protect Cakradonya backward movement. Yes, I Ahmad determined to be part of the history of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam expel the Portuguese from the earth and the waters of the archipelago. And if we had to lose today, then there would be another day. Sultan must be saved, to build strength again. I’m willing to die today. Allah is the Greatest!

The attack from the rear by the Portuguese fleet had overwhelmed us, coupled with the betrayal of Johor who was more willing to cooperate with the kafir. There appeared to be hundreds of bodies of soldiers from our side and the opponents floating on the reddish Strait of Malacca.

My tears dripped to see the fresh blood bands of comrades flowing from the shattered bodies of the ship, accompanied by the cries of shouting cries, the terrifying screams of the shoot-out soldiers, and the grievous moans of the severely wounded.

“Forward Aceh!” I yelled. Twoaaar !!! It felt like I felt some bullets pierce my chest. I fell into the sea, then twisted, and turned upside down. There was a faint sound that his Cakradonya had escaped from the siege.

I smiled, see you, Sultan. Having finished my devotion in the world, it is time for me to account for all my actions in the world to the God. My chest tightened by bullets and seawater filled the cavities in my lungs. For the last time, before death picked me up I recited. “Asyhadu an-laa ilaaha illallaah Wa asyhadu anna Muhammadan rasuulullaah.” I testify that there is no god but Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.

Turning faintly of the ocean, I transformed into a line of names.

X

hi The extent of Aceh Sultanate during the reign of Iskandar Muda, 1608–1637. Source Wikipedia

The attack on the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam to Malacca (Portuguese) in 1629 failed miserably. According to Portuguese sources, the entire Aceh fleet was destroyed by the loss of 19,000 troops. After the defeat, Sultan Iskandar Muda sent two other great sea expeditions. In 1630-1631 and 1634, to crush the rebellion in Pahang. During the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda, the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam controlled the entire northern part of Sumatra Island and the northern region of the Malay Peninsula.

Translate from SENJA DI MALAKA

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KRITIK KEPADA SULTAN ISKANDAR MUDA

Posted on 4 July 2017 by

Lukisan Sultan Iskandar Muda

KRITIK KEPADA SULTAN ISKANDAR MUDA

Baru-baru ini Abu membaca sebuah pesan dari seorang budayawan, ia menuliskan dengan penuh rasa ingin tahu sekaligus mengharapkan sebuah jawaban dari Abu mengenai sebuah fenomena yang “menganggu” dirinya.

“Saya selalu heran dengan Aceh. Ketika mereka, tua dan muda, yang masih penuh kebanggaan, berbicara tentang kedasyatan Iskandar Muda Yang Agung yang telah membangun suatu kerajaan yang kuat dan makmur, tentang kehebatan generasi nenek dan buyut mereka mempertahankan Aceh sebagai wilayah terakhir dari Republik Indonesia. Suatu kebanggaan dan kerinduan yang wajar dan dapat dimengerti karena itu semua dicatat dalam buku besar sejarah kita. Tetapi ketika mereka diingatkan bahwa semua raja besar Nusantara ini, termasuk Sultan Iskandar Muda dan Sultan Agung, adalah raja-raja yang absolut kekuasaannya, mestinya, juga sewenang-wenang, kok banyak dari mereka naik ampernya. Juga waktu diingatkan bahwa pengorbanan rakyat Aceh mengumpulkan dana lewat obligasi nasional dan sekarang “selewengkan” oleh pemerintah pusat sebaiknya diikhlaskan sebagai salah satu dari sekian banyak rentetan tumbal kemerdekaan. Seperti tumbal rakyat Jawa Barat yang dibunuhi DI, rakyat Jawa Timur yang dibunuhi PKI, rakyat Sulawesi Selatan yang dibunuh Westerling. Kok mereka jadi terheran-heran mendengar argumentasi “tumbal” itu?

Saya juga terheran-heran kalau sejawat saya berkata, “Prinpun, pak. Saya matur Jowo itu masih lebih unggul dari siapapun saja di nuswantoro ini!” Bikin malu komunitas inteletual saja. Lantas saya ingat berbagai perjalanan saya di hampir seluruh kawasan Nusantara. Wah, kalau semangat uber alles daerah itu masih kuat betul, lho. Apalagi dengan kehadiran orang Jawa di mana-mana. Kayaknya semangat uber alles itu semakin menggebu-gebu seperti pernah jelas terlihat di Aceh ketika saya di sana.

Eh, Abu. Salahkah jika saya mengatakan. Yang uber alles itu Cuma Indonesia! Nggak ada uber alles Jowo, uber alles Aceh, uber alles Minangkabau, uber alles Makassar!”

Membaca tulisan itu, Abu juga bingung kenapa dipilih sebagai orang yang diajukan pertanyaan. Sejarawan bukan, budayawan bukan, intelektual jelas bukan. Abu hanya menarik nafas panjang. Mungkin kurang tepat jikalau ia merasa Abu mampu menjawab segala pertanyaan dari kerisauan tersebut. Mungkin lebih banyak orang pintar yang mampu menjelaskan. Kapasitas Abu hanyalah sebagai, Abu pun bingung disini sebagai apa? Tapi Abu merasa kerisauan dan kemurungan beliau kurang tepat. Menurut Abu malahan sekarang generasi muda di Aceh sudah lupa dengan sejarah kebesaran Sultan Iskandar Muda. Paling ya, hanya tahu namanya yang ditabalkan sebagai nama Kodam dan sebuah Universitas swasta. Selebihnya hanya segelintir penikmat sejarah yang jumlahnya sangat kecil. Tidak pernah ada kajian-kajian sejarah yang benar-benar bermutu di Aceh. Entahlah, apa Abu yang benar atau beliau.

Ketika mulai menulis balasan, Abu menulis. “Lho Pak. Yang menguber-uber tales itu sebenarnya itu siapa?”

Simak juga Petualangan Abu lainnya

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